Cambridge English Exams
C1 Advanced Essay Writing: Traffic Congestion
Example Exam Task
Your class has recently watched a television documentary on ways for governments to reduce traffic congestion. You have made the notes below:
Ways for governments to reduce traffic congestion:
- public transport
- road building
- legislation
Some opinions expressed in the documentary:
- ‘Maybe people would use buses if there were more of them.’
- ‘We need fewer cars on the road, not more.’
- ‘There should be limits on where and when you can drive.’
Write an essay for you tutor discussing two of the ways in your notes. You should explain which way you think is more important for governments to consider, giving reasons in support of your answer. Write 220 – 260 words in an appropriate style.
You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed in the discussion, but you should use your own words as far as possible.
Example Essay
Traffic congestion has become a serious problem in many cities, posing significant challenges to daily life, including increased pollution, noise, longer commuting times and even road rage. Governments therefore need to take effective action, and several solutions have been discussed, most notably improving public transport and expanding road networks.
One widely suggested approach is to invest in modern public transport. If environmentally friendly buses, trams, or the underground were available, many people might be encouraged to leave their cars at home. This would be particularly effective in large urban areas, where cars and motorcycles often move slowly and inefficiently. Undoubtedly, modern public transport systems can significantly reduce environmental harm, providing benefits not only in terms of traffic flow but also for public health. This highlights the importance of offering practical, sustainable alternatives to private motorised transport.
Another option is road building. Proponents argue that expanding road networks can ease congestion by allowing traffic to flow more smoothly. Adding lanes to existing roads or constructing new ring roads may reduce pressure on the busiest areas. However, this solution is extremely costly, and drivers usually choose the shortest routes to reach their destinations. On the other hand, research shows that narrowing the roadway to create bus lanes and bike paths may further increase traffic congestion.
In my view, improving public transport is the more important measure for governments to consider. Although building new roads may offer temporary improvements, it is an expensive solution that does not necessarily lead to lasting reductions in congestion. By contrast, a well-planned and environmentally friendly public transport system provides a sustainable alternative to private vehicles and can result in long-term reductions in traffic congestion, demonstrating that investing in public transport is both practical and forward-looking.
Photo: New York City